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"abstract": "The neural encoding of the animal’s position is essential for spatial navigation and cognition, yet the three-dimensional (3D) positioning system in the primate brain remains poorly understood. By combining wireless multi-channel recordings from common marmosets with a free-forging task in the 3D space, we identified 42% and 24% neurons in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HPC) as place cells, respectively. Place cells in FC and HPC encoded the 3D position with similar spatial information, sparsity and stability, and exhibited stronger functional connections than non-place cells. Notably, their place fields were preferentially distributed in the center and border of the 3D space, and were recapitulated by an RNN-AutoEncoder model simulating the FC-HPC network. Collectively, these findings support a hypothesis that a widely distributed neural network involving frontal cortex and hippocampus constitutes a 3D positioning system in primates possibly by local recurrent circuits and long-range connections.",
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"affiliations": [
"Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China",
"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"
],
"name": "Chuanyao Felix Wei",
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"affiliations": [
"Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China",
"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"
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"affiliations": [
"Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China",
"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"
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"name": "Jingyi Xie",
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"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China",
"Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China"
],
"name": "Xiaojia Zhu",
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"affiliations": [
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"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China",
"Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China"
],
"name": "Haotian Yan",
"orcid": null
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"affiliations": [
"Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"
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"name": "Xin Wang",
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"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"
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"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Shanghai, China",
"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development, Shanghai, China"
],
"name": "Cirong Liu",
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"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China",
"China-Hungary Brain Science Belt-and-Road Joint Laboratory, Shanghai, China",
"State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China"
],
"name": "Chun Xu",
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"source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-73263-1",
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"title": "Supplementary Information",
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"url": "https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-026-73263-1/MediaObjects/41467_2026_73263_MOESM2_ESM.pdf"
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"title": "Transparent Peer Review file",
"url": "https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-026-73263-1/MediaObjects/41467_2026_73263_MOESM3_ESM.pdf"
}
],
"title": "Distributed neural codes of the 3D position in the marmoset frontal cortex and hippocampus",
"url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-73263-1",
"volume": "17"
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